Socioemotional+Development


 * __Social and Emotional Development__**
 * //Definitions to know://**
 * Social development:** The ways in which individuals’ social interactions and expectations change across a lifespan.


 * Emotional development:** The emergence of a child’s experience, expression, understanding, and regulation of emotions from birth through late adolescence.


 * Emotional regulation: H**ow people recognize, label, and control the expression of their emotions in ways that generally are consistent with cultural expectations.

Social and emotional development in people, have been widely debated topics in the world of psychology. Often, they are studied together and strongly relate to each other. This is because they both contribute to an individual’s sense of self. Emotions can be seen in young infants with a smile or cry to communicate feelings of joy or distress. Later in life these emotions become more specific, and communicate other feelings like pride and shame. Social development is linked with emotional development because of the strong influences that caregivers, family, and friends have on an individual. Not only this, but developing basic social skills depends on the ability to express emotions.

One theorist who contributed greatly to this area of study is Erik Erickson. He was especially helpful in the sense that his theory included development after childhood. Erickson’s theory has eight stages, which he describes as “crises to be resolved.” The first occurs during infancy and is called “trust vs. mistrust.” As a toddler we experience “autonomy vs. shame and doubt,” and in early childhood there is “initiative vs. guilt.” During the adolescent years we experience “identity vs. role confusion” and as a young adult there is “intimacy vs. isolation.” The last two stages occur during middle and older adulthood. These stages are known as “generativity vs. stagnation” and “ego integrity vs. despair.” Each stage describes social and emotional conflicts that an individual may face throughout life.

Elementary || Child learns to do things well or correctly in comparison to a standard or to others ||
 * **Erikson's Theory of Socioemotional Development** ||
 * **Stage** || **Age** || **Expected Resolution** ||
 * **Trust**
 * vs.**
 * Mistrust** || Infancy || Child develops a belief that the environment can be counted on to meet his or her basic physiological and social needs ||
 * **Autonomy**
 * vs.**
 * Shame and Doubt** || Toddlerhood || Child learns what he/she can control and develops a sense of free will and corresponding sense of regret and sorrow for inappropriate use of self-control. ||
 * **Initiative**
 * vs.**
 * Guilt** || Early Childhood || Child learns to begin action, to explore, to imagine as well as feeling remorse for actions ||
 * **Accomplishment/Industry**
 * vs.**
 * Inferiority** || Middle Childhood/
 * **Identity**
 * vs.**
 * Role Confusion** || Adolescence || Develops a sense of self in relationship to others and to own internal thoughts and desires (Later work has shown two substages: a social identity focusing on which group a person will identify with and a personal identity focusing on abilities, goals, possibilities, etc.) ||
 * **Initimacy**
 * vs.**
 * Isolation** || Young Adult || Develops ability to give and receive love; begins to make long-term commitment to relationships ||
 * **Generativity**
 * vs.**
 * Stagnation** || Middle Adulthood || Develops interest in guiding the development of the next generation ||
 * **Ego Integrity**
 * vs.**
 * Despair** || Older Adulthood || Develops a sense of acceptance of life as it was lived and the importance of the people and relationships that individual developed over the lifespan ||

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1qPvfOlwRAo


 * [|http://www.education.com/reference/article/emotional-development/#A]
 * [|http://www.apa.org/research/action/glossary.aspx#s]
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Last updated: 10/06/13 Created by: Yvonne Mora