Goals



A goal is a result of achievement toward which effort is directed. There are many types of goals: short term, long term, achievement, mastery, performance, work avoidance, and social. As humans we set goals everyday, whether it be "I want to finish my homework tonight" (short-term) or "I want to become a teacher" (long-term).


 * Achievement Goals:**
 * Mastery Goals:
 * Wanting to master a new skill - to learn something new.
 * Mastery goals tend to encourage effective learning
 * students with mastery goals tend to have an understanding of the processes of learning, effort, and failure
 * Performance Goals: To present yourself competently in front of others.
 * Performance Approach:
 * Demonstrate your abilities in order to receive favorable judgement.
 * Can lead students to use a minimum amount of effort in order to perform
 * Performance Avoidance:
 * Not wanting to look bad and receive judgement
 * Tend to lead students to avoid challenges that would benefit them from learning


 * Work Avoidance Goals:**
 * Doing the absolute minimum required
 * Happens because of low self-efficacy and/or having no value in classroom assignments


 * Social Goals:**
 * Fulfilling the need for relatedness

Goals coincide with each other. Sometimes they work together, but other times they conflict with each other. Sources: Educational Psychology: Developing Learners by Jeanne Ellis Ormrod